|
In Greek mythology, Antiope (; (ギリシア語:Ἀντιόπη)) was the daughter of the Boeotian river god Asopus, according to Homer;〔Homer, ''Odyssey''. xi. 260〕 in later sources〔Hyginus, epitomizing Euripides' ''Antiope''.〕 she is called the daughter of the "nocturnal" king Nycteus of Thebes or, in the ''Cypria'', of Lycurgus, but for Homer her site is purely Boeotian. She was the mother of Amphion and Zethus. ==Myth== Her beauty attracted Zeus, who, assuming the form of a satyr, took her by force.〔Pseudo-Apollodorus, ''Bibliotheca'' iii. 5; Burkert 1983 suggests that this apparently summarises a passage on Antiope in the ''Catalogue of Women'' that survives in a brief fragment (Hesiod, fr. 181-82).〕 A.B. Cook noted that her myth "took on a Dionysiac colouring, Antiope being represented as a Maenad and Zeus as a Satyr".〔Cook, ''Zeus'', vol. I, p. 735.〕 This is the sole mythic episode in which Zeus is transformed into a satyr. After this she was carried off by Epopeus, who was venerated as a hero in Sicyon;〔His tomb was sited in the ''temenos'' of Athena at Sicyon. (Pausanias, 2.11.1; 2.6.3). Walter Burkert, ''Homo Necans'' 1983:186 notes the comparison with Athena Poleis at Athens and Erechtheus.〕 he would not give her up till compelled by her uncle Lycus. On the way home she gave birth, in the neighbourhood of Eleutherae on Mount Cithaeron, to the twins Amphion and Zethus, of whom Amphion was the son of the god, and Zethus the son of Epopeus.〔For other twins of such dual parentage, see Dioscuri; some heroes, like Theseus or Achilles, were born of mixed seed of a mortal and an immortal father.〕 Both were left to be brought up by herdsmen. At Thebes Antiope now suffered from the persecution of Dirce, the wife of Lycus, but at last escaped towards Eleutherae, and there found shelter, unknowingly, in the house where her two sons were living as herdsmen. This is the situation in Euripides' ''Antiope'', which turns upon the recognition of mother and sons and their rescue of her. Here she was discovered by Dirce, who had come to celebrate a Bacchic festival; she ordered the two young men to tie Antiope to the horns of a wild bull. They were about to obey, when the old herdsman, who had brought them up, revealed his secret, and they carried out the punishment on Dirce instead, for cruel treatment of Antiope, their mother, who had been treated by Dirce as a slave.〔Hyginus, ''Fabula'' 8.〕 In Euripides, the descent of Hermes stops the brothers from putting their uncle to death; Lycus then resigns power in the Cadmeia of Thebes to the twins. For the treatment of Dirce, it is said, Dionysus, to whose worship she had been devoted, visited Antiope with madness, which caused her to wander restlessly all over Greece〔Compare the wanderings of Io.〕 until she was cured, and married by Phocus of Tithorca, on Mount Parnassus, where both were buried in one grave.〔Pausanias ix. 17, x. 32.〕 Amphion became a great singer and musician after Hermes taught him to play and gave him a golden lyre; Zethus was a hunter and herdsman. For Greeks of the Classical age, the contrast between the lifestyles of the two became the most salient element in the narrative; in Euripides' ''Antiope'' the best-recalled scene was where the two brothers in debate contrasted their active and contemplative lives.〔As in ''Gorgias'', examined by Andrea Wilson Nightingale, "Plato's 'Gorgias' and Euripides' 'Antiope': A Study in Generic Transformation" ''Classical Antiquity'' 11.1 (April 1992), pp. 121-141; noted by E.R. Dodds, ''Plato: Gorgias'' (Oxford, 1959) p. 276.〕 Together they built and fortified Thebes, huge blocks of stone forming themselves into walls at the sound of Amphion's lyre. Amphion married Niobe, and killed himself after the loss of his wife and children. Zethus married Aedon, or sometimes Thebe. The brothers were buried in one grave. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Antiope (mother of Amphion)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|